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Navigating a career as a mathematician in academia, industry, or a national lab was challenging for many families with children before the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, the pandemic hit and the situation was exacerbated. Parents and parents-to-be were tested and challenged in ways unanticipated, with time for parental duties clashing with time for research, teaching, and service, leaving those wishing to be parents contemplating the feasibility of this balancing act of parenthood and work-life in a COVID-19 era and beyond. Many members in our mathematics community experienced these challenges first hand and persevered. Lessons were learned and different methodologies employed as many reimagined what work-life and home-life balance looked like. These lessons and methodologies can be useful in our future endeavors as parent-educators and researchers, and if shared can benefit others who are in parenthood or on the path to parenthood, as they seek to create a better harmony between work and home life. Thus, this article explores and showcases some of the discussions that ensued during a 2022 Joint Mathematics Meeting (JMM) Professional Development Workshop Mathematicians Navigating Parenthood organized by the authors. The article collects key discussion points and lessons learned, putting together useful solutions and resources, as well as unresolved questions. We report on strategies to help parents and parents-to-be succeed as well as present proposals on what departments could implement based on their individual policies to provide a welcoming environment to colleagues with, or expecting, children. 

Increasing temperatures have raised concerns over the potential effect on disease spread. Temperature is a well known factor affecting mosquito population dynamics and the development rate of the malaria parasite within the mosquito, and consequently, malaria transmission. A sinusoidal wave is commonly used to incorporate temperature effects in malaria models, however, we introduce a seasonal malaria framework that links data on temperature-dependent mosquito and parasite demographic traits to average monthly regional temperature data, without forcing a sinusoidal t to the data. We introduce a spline methodology that maps temperature-dependent mosquito traits to time-varying model parameters. The resulting non-autonomous system of differential equations is used to study the impact of seasonality on malaria transmission dynamics and burden in a high and low malaria transmission region in Malawi. We present numerical simulations illustrating how temperature shifts alter the entomological inoculation rate and the number of malaria infections in these regions. 

A within-human-host malaria parasite model, integrating key variables that influence parasite evolution-progression-advancement, under innate and adaptive immune responses, is analyzed. The implicit role of immunity on the steady state parasite loads and parasitemia reproduction number ([Formula: see text]), a threshold parameter measuring the parasite’s annexing ability of healthy red blood cells (HRBCs), eventually rendering a human infectious to mosquitoes, is investigated. The impact of the type of recruitment function used to model HRBC growth is also investigated. The model steady states and [Formula: see text], both obtained as functions of immune system variables, are analyzed at snapshots of immune sizes. Model results indicate that the more the immune cells, innate and adaptive, the more efficient they are at inhibiting parasite development and progression; consequently, the less severe the malaria disease in a patient. Our analysis also illustrates the existence of a Hopf bifurcation leading to a limit cycle, observable only for the nonlinear recruitment functions, at reasonably large [Formula: see text].